<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ninot, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Batllori, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carreras, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrillo, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casals, Pere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casas, Carme</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grau, Oriol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gutiérrez, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montané, Francesc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puente, Aleix</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REFORESTACIÓN NATURAL EN EL DOMINIO  DE PINUS UNCINATA DEL PARQUE NACIONAL DE AIGÜESTORTES I ESTANY DE SANT MAURICI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proyectos de investigación en parques nacionales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alpine heaths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alta montaña</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demografía vegetal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dendroecología</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">facilitación</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high mountain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">matorrales alpinos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">open top chamber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pirineos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant demography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pyrenees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reclutamiento</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SIG</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sucesión forestal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">timberline</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.marm.es/es/ministerio/organizacion/organismos-publicos/08_INVESTIGACION_OK_tcm7-180270.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007-2010</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139-158</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rteleft&quot;&gt;Este estudio sobre el proceso de reforestaci&amp;oacute;n se centra en seis &amp;aacute;mbitos tem&amp;aacute;ticos, que incluyen desde&lt;br /&gt;
el an&amp;aacute;lisis diacr&amp;oacute;nico del paisaje hasta el estudio demogr&amp;aacute;fico de Pinus uncinata y el de la respuesta de&lt;br /&gt;
sus pl&amp;aacute;ntulas a cambios ambientales simulados.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;rteleft&quot;&gt;El paisaje subalpino estudiado traduce una fuerte heterogeneidad ambiental ligada al relieve y al fuerte&lt;br /&gt;
impacto dejado por la explotaci&amp;oacute;n silvo-pastoral tradicional, de forma que la cubierta vegetal ha variado&lt;br /&gt;
relativamente poco despu&amp;eacute;s del abandono progresivo de las pr&amp;aacute;cticas de explotaci&amp;oacute;n durante el pa-&lt;br /&gt;
sado siglo. Los bosques de nueva formaci&amp;oacute;n ocupan superficies peque&amp;ntilde;as, correspondientes a antiguas&lt;br /&gt;
perturbaciones sobre bosque preexistente (tala, incendio) o a invasi&amp;oacute;n de pastos o matorrales. En estos&lt;br /&gt;
casos, se trata de sistemas forestales inmaduros.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;rteleft&quot;&gt;En el l&amp;iacute;mite superior del bosque, o timberline, se ha dado un buen establecimiento de individuos juveni-&lt;br /&gt;
les de Pinus uncinata, principalmente durante el &amp;uacute;ltimo medio siglo, pero esta densificaci&amp;oacute;n no ha pro-&lt;br /&gt;
ducido ascenso en altitud de este ecotono. Las comunidades subarbustivas que suelen encontrarse en la&lt;br /&gt;
transici&amp;oacute;n de bosques a pastos constituyen un h&amp;aacute;bitat diverso, que en algunos casos favorece la instala-&lt;br /&gt;
ci&amp;oacute;n de individuos juveniles de Pinus uncinata. Por ejemplo, el matorral de Rhododendron ferrugineum me-&lt;br /&gt;
jora la respuesta de las pl&amp;aacute;ntulas tanto en aspectos biom&amp;eacute;tricos como fisiol&amp;oacute;gicos, y ejerce protecci&amp;oacute;n frente&lt;br /&gt;
a herbivorismo y sequ&amp;iacute;a hibernal. Los cambios ambientales inducidos se han mostrado como regulado-&lt;br /&gt;
res importantes de la din&amp;aacute;mica del ecotono bosque-pastos alpinos, ya que las pl&amp;aacute;ntulas sometidas a dis-&lt;br /&gt;
tintas condiciones han dado respuestas contrastadas, incluso tras un corto periodo de seguimiento.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;rteleft&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ENGLISH SUMMARY&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;rteleft&quot;&gt;In this study we examine the process of spontaneous forestation in the subalpine Pinus uncinata domain.&lt;br /&gt;
We focus our study on six linked issues, ranging from the diachronic comparison of the landscape through aerial imagery, the demography of Pinus uncinata populations and the response of Pinus seedlings to simulated environmental changes.&lt;br /&gt;
The landscape studied reflects strong environment heterogeneity related to the rough relief of the area,&lt;br /&gt;
and to the former anthropic uses &amp;ndash; mainly timber extraction and extensive livestock grazing. Even after&lt;br /&gt;
half century of steep decline in these traditional activities, the plant cover showed only relatively small&lt;br /&gt;
changes. The new secondary forests have covered small areas, in some cases in former forested areas&lt;br /&gt;
affected by disturbance events (clear cutting, wild fires), and in other as encroachment of grasslands or&lt;br /&gt;
scrubs, which up to date has led to immature forest systems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;rteleft&quot;&gt;Near the timberline the recruitment of young individuals (seedlings, poles) of Pinus uncinata has been&lt;br /&gt;
quite active, mainly during the last half century, but this has not resulted in an altitudinal displace-&lt;br /&gt;
ment of this ecotone. The low scrubs occurring in the transition from forest to grasslands offer a hete-&lt;br /&gt;
rogeneous habitat, which may include safe sites for the emergence of Pinus uncinata seedlings.&lt;br /&gt;
Particularly, the proximity of Rhododendron ferrugineum shrubs enhances the performance of the seed-&lt;br /&gt;
lings, according to the biometric and physiological parameters measured, and results into protection&lt;br /&gt;
from browsing and from winter drought. The experiences with Pinus seedlings gave contrasting&lt;br /&gt;
responses for the different treatments, and thus evidenced how the environment changes may modu-&lt;br /&gt;
late the dynamics of the forest-grassland ecotone.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></section></record></records></xml>
